Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | Symptoms & Causes
What are the symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
The most common symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) are:
- dark brown urine
- jaundice
- pale skin
- muscle pain
- headache
- nausea and vomiting
- weakness
- shortness of breath
- rapid heart beat
What causes AIHA?
In approximately half of cases the cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, whether idiopathic or primary, cannot be determined. This condition can also be caused by or occur in tandem with other, or secondary, disorders. It can also rarely occur following the use of certain drugs, like penicillin, or after a person has a blood and marrow stem cell transplant.
Is autoimmune hemolytic anemia inherited?
Researchers believe that there are multiple possible factors involved in AHA's causes — including genetic and environmental influences. In a very small number of cases, autoimmune hemolytic anemia appears to run in families. In those cases, the gene appears recessive
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | Diagnosis & Treatments
How is autoimmune hemolytic anemia diagnosed?
After ruling out other causes, doctors diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with blood and urine tests. It is important to understand that some symptoms of anemia may resemble those of other more common medical problems or other blood disorders. Because some of these symptoms can also point to other conditions, and because anemia itself can be a symptom of another medical problem, it’s important to have your child evaluated by a qualified medical professional for an accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment.
What are the treatment options for AIHA?
Mild cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia often require no treatment and resolve on their own. The most common treatments for the disorder include:
- treatment of underlying conditions
- corticosteroids such as prednisone to suppress the immune response
- immunosuppressive drugs such as rituximab or azathioprine
- splenectomy to preserve RBC and prevent anemia
- blood transfusions
What is the long-term outlook for children with AIHA?
The prognosis for children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is generally very good, and the anemia is typically short-lived and self-limiting. If it occurs in the first year of life or during teen years, the disease can often follow a chronic course that requires long-term immunosuppressive therapy, which can have serious consequences, such as increased risk of infection.
